About this Chart

Each non-vote Solana transaction is attributed to a single category by matching its top-level program invocations against Blockworks' curated program registry and selecting the program that best reflects the transaction's intent, with unidentified programs kept visible as Unknown. Category definitions:

Spot DEX: Token swaps on spot DEXs, spanning prop AMMs, constant-product AMMs, bonding-curve markets, DEX aggregators, and orderbooks.

Bot / MEV: Automated trading programs, including MEV bots (about half the category), arbitrage routers and executors, algorithmic trading executors, and onchain market makers. Most are unlabeled automated programs identified by behavior.

Unknown Programs: Transactions whose main program the classifier has not yet identified. A bucket of everything not yet labeled, not a single activity type.

Core Action: Direct use of Solana's core programs with no application in the transaction: System program activity (SOL transfers, account creation) and SPL Token / Token-2022 transfers.

Perp DEX: Perpetual futures trading on perp DEXs.

Other: The remaining 32 categories, each under 1% of recent volume: trading infrastructure, gaming, prediction markets, lending, NFTs, bridges, and more.

Trading Platform: Retail trading front-ends and terminals that route user orders to DEXs.

Oracle: Onchain price-feed updates posted by oracle networks such as Pyth and Chainlink.